Congruence is not cosmetic: denials of nipple grafts for chest reconstruction surgery. Cosmetic procedures for the nipples and areolas.īoskey ER, Jolly D, Semnack MM, Tobias AM, Ganor O. Current surgical techniques for nipple reduction: a literature review. Adult-onset hypogonadism: evaluation and role of testosterone replacement therapy. The assessment of nipple areola complex sensation with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments-normative values and its covariates. Kasielska-Trojan, Szulia A, Zawadzki T, Antoszewski B. Maternal breast volume in pregnancy and lactation capacity. In Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession (Eighth ed., pp. Trans* pregnancy and lactation: a literature review from a nursing perspective. García-Acosta JM, San Juan-Valdivia RM, Fernández-Martínez AD, Lorenzo-Rocha ND, Castro-Peraza ME. Nipple-areola complex cutaneous sensitivity: a systematic approach to classification and breast volume. Longo B, Campanale A, Santanelli di Pompeo F. Association of the nipple-areola complexes with age, parity, and breastfeeding in Korean premenopausal women. Cross-sectional observational study of nipple and areola changes during pubertal development and after menarche in 313 Italian girls. doi:10.1093/asj/sjx245ĭe Sanctis V, Elhakim IZ, Soliman AT, Elsedfy H, Soliman N, Elalaily R. Defining normal parameters for the male nipple-areola complex: a prospective observational study and recommendations for placement on the chest wall. Yue D, Cooper LRL, Kerstein R, Charman SC, Kang NV. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017 Sep 5(9 Suppl):87. Critical analysis of nipple-areola complex morphology. The size tends to increase in relation to a person's breast size. The average size of an areola varies substantially across individuals and life spans. Terms that describe gender (“woman,” “man”) may be used when terms for sex (“female,” “male”) are more appropriate. To reflect our sources accurately, this article uses terms like "female," "male," "woman," and "man" as the sources use them. Research studies sometimes don't use the terminology in this way. Gender describes a person's internal sense of self as a woman, man, nonbinary person, or another gender, and the associated social and cultural ideas about the roles, behaviors, expressions, and characteristics.People are most often assigned male or female at birth based on their external anatomy some people do not fit into that sex binary and are intersex. Sex refers to biology: chromosomal makeup, hormones, and anatomy.Verywell Health acknowledges that sex and gender are related concepts, but they are not the same.
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